종전 후 한․일 양국 귀환자의 모국 정착과정 비교 연구

A Comparative study of Social Integration of repatriates in Korea and Japan after World WarⅡ

After World WarⅡ, 6.3~7.0 million japanese 2.5 million koreans repatriated to their own homeland. They had no right to select their residence, and lost one s private assets by the USAMGIK and Soviet Army s repatriate policy. After they went back to their homeland, they relied on social relief system, but it was not enough to satisfy all the repatriates because of deficient budget and goods. Especially, japanese repatriates had a tenacity for their lost-assets because japanese relief system was worse than they thought before, and the social treatment was so cold. In 1952, Japanese government abandoned the assets the repatriates had in old-colonies for the San-francisco Peace Treaty. Just after that, repatriates made a big movement demanding compensation toward japanese government. Being Confused, japanese government made a law called “Hikiagesha kyuhukin nadono shikyuuho” in order to soothe repatriates rage. But it was impossible to lessen their dissatisfaction, to the contrary, the suit case for compensation made by repatriates increased. For that reason, japanese government made an additional law called “Hikiagesha Tokubetsukyuhukin sikyu ni taisuru ho” to terminate the trouble with repatriates, and gave some money to them. But that money means governmental responsibility for compensation, it was just an reward for poor life. The korean repatriates underwent similar experience to japanese who went back to their homeland. Their settlement circumstances was worse than japanese. They became so-called borderline class, failed to make their own political strength to draw some supports from USAMGIK. Unfortunately, they faced Korean War during 1950-1953. Thus korean repatriates had no chance to demand supports for better life. Even though some of the koreans received some money in 1974 when the laws of compensation for people who had been mobilized and sent to foreign areas as a soldier by japanese government general. But the laws limited qualification of receiver, who is the family member of the passed away. Therefore, so many victims like a comfort women or laborer hired in military plants had no chance to apply for the legal supports. After democratization of 1990 s they began to demand revision of the support law. And since the 2000s some issues related to unsettled past affairs and Korea-Japan Treaty documents were raised, finally some laws for mobilized victims have come to be made. These support laws in korea and japan were made for domestic use. That s why it was impossible to bring japanese government account for responsibility. It made the old japanese colonial settlers, who had been harm-doer in colony, as new victims of war.