日本 高麗樂(고마가꾸)의 拍子(효오시)

Hyōsi of Komagaku of Japanese Music

Firstly, hyōsi(拍子, a rhythmic pattern and cycle) of Komagaku (高麗樂, Japanese court music of Korean origin) corresponds to changdan(長短) of Korean music as follows: the 8-beat rhythm of Karahyōsi (唐拍子) . the 16-beat rhythm of Agebyōsi (揚拍子) and the 32-beat of koma (高麗) Yohyōsi (四拍子) correspond to the 16-beat (16 井間 1行), the 32-beat (16 井間 2行) and the 64-beat (16 井間 4行) of Korean music. The three kinds of hyōsi and changdan are common in the ratio of 1:2:4 of the rhythmic cycle. Secondly, the rhythmic patterns of the percussion instruments of Kara-hyōsi ( 8×1 beat), Agebyōsi (8×2 beat) and Yohyōsi (8×4) are those of 3 and 1 beats. On the other side, the rhythmic patterns of the chang gu (Korean hour-glass drum) of 16 beat (8×2 beat), 32 beat (8×4 beat) and 64 beat (8×8 beat) a.re those of 5 and 3 beats. The rhythmic pattern of 3: 1 beat of Japanese Komagaku and that of 5:3 or Korean music are different from the rhythmic pattern of Togaku (唐樂), haya-hohyōsi(早四拍子, 4-beat rhythm). haya-muhyōsi(早六拍子) and haya-yahōsi (早八拍子): the one is an odd number rhythm, the other being an even number rhythm. Thirdly, the rhythm of the melody part of Japanese Komagaku are mostly dotted rhythm. while that of Korean music is mostly triplet rhythm. The dotted rhythm of Japanese Komagaku might have been adopted since the Western music was taught in the school earlier than in Korea. The determination of the tempo of the Korean old square notation (chŏngganbo) has been controversial due to the discontinuity of its performance. Komagaku may provide some clue for the determination of the mysterious tempo of the old Korean music. The fast Karahyōsi, the moderate Agebyōsi and the slow Yohyōsi parallel to th e 16 beat. the 32 beat and the 64 beat of old Korean music.