世宗代 朝會雅樂의 성립 배경에 관하여

A Study on the Formation of Aak Used in Morning Ceremonies During the King Sejong Period

King Sejong formed Confucius rituals and systems that correspond to the ruling ideology of his period and established a ritual music system accordingly. He rearranged the old music to clarify the types and usage of the three kinds of music--aak, dangak, and hyangak. In this process, complementing the deficiencies of aak was necessary. Because the ritual music system was completed based on old systems under Confucius system, the use of aak was inevitably expanded to various ceremonies. Even though in the process of rearranging the old musics the use of hyangak was reduced and that of aak expanded, the autonomous measure of King Sejong is worthy of note. Instead of following the aak of China, from which aak originated, King Sejong created Joseon aak referring to various written records. Thus, the establishment of Joseon aak resulted from the ruling ideology at that time and King Sejong s independent spirit. At first King Sejong intended to limit the use of aak to sacrificial rites, but soon objected to the idea that the music used for the living and the dead should be different and thus, expanded the use of aak to morning ceremonies. King Sejong attempted to unify the music used for the living and the dead, so he created aak for the morning ceremonies. The reason that he used aak instead of hyangak, the music originally used, can be assumed as follows: as a result of studying old literature, the past ritual musics carefully examined were aak, which was already used in various sacrificial rites including Jongmyo ritual. Moreover, the authentic aak a and song, which appears in Sigyeong, were each used for the music of the living in morning ceremonies and banquets and for that of the dead at Jongmyo. This musical tradition must have influenced his decision.