현행 산조교육에 대한 고찰

A Study of the Current Education of Sanjo

Sanjo, literally meaning of scattered melodies , is a solo genre and one of the most advanced forms in Korean music. It begins slowly and proceeds with a faster tempo and is improvisational in that the performer can spontaneously create melodies within a prescribed form. In this paper, I looked into the wide range of activity of the five gayageum(12-stringed zither) masters who were the most famous in gayageum-sanjo during the period of Japanese Colonial Rule, and raised three points related to the transmission of sanjo and examined the curricula of the department of Korean music in 10 colleges. Not like today in the traditional society, most of sanjo musicians were experts at various field like playing instruments, singing, dancing and playing an opera. It shows they were educated all around the musical genre, which made them possible to improvise the melodies and to produce the original sound of sanjo. According to the result of the survey conducted by The National Center for Korean Traditional Performing Arts in 2004, 100% of musicians think sanjo has changed in terms of musical aspect. Organized at the late 19th century, sanjo had been handed down by gueum, an oral sound, instead of musical notation before the department of Korean traditional music established in universities and started to educate sanjo with Western-styled notation from the early 1960 s. The translation of sanjo melodies into Western-styled notation contributed to the diffusion of sanjo music, but on the other hand, it made sanjo a fixed melody so that the players do not create melodies any more. And the pure temperament of sanjo turned into an equal temperament as well. To solve this problem, it is necessary to educate students by oral sound and to let them know the principle of improvisation. Sanjo is generally called a pansori(a folk opera played by one singer) played by an instrument or a game of jangdan(a rhythmic pattern) and seongeum(sound and it s tone color produced while playing) . It means that the study of pansori and jangdan is essential to master sanjo. However, it is revealed that they could not learn the various vocal music and rhythms in advance of studying sanjo in the college. Therefor in order to get the originality of sanjo music, the development of a curriculum suitable to Korean traditional music is required.