아랍 스프링 이후 사우디 이슬람 극단주의의 등장과 정부의 반테러 정책

Emergence of Saudi Islam s Radicalization After Arab Spring and Saudi Government s Anti-Terrorism

The Saudi state s legitimacy is built on the two important actors. One is the political basis of Al Saud family s rule, the other is the religious basis of Wahhabism s influence. In the process of Saudi Islam s radicalization, many ideologies have been appeared in Saudi, such as Salafism, Wahhabism, Islamism, Jihadism, Reformism, and IS Wahhabism. After Arab Spring in 2011, Saudi faced two new challenges. One stemmed from the MB s electoral victory in Egypt, the other emerged from conflicts in Syria and appearance of IS. The former was regarded as a political threat, the latter was regarded as a security threat. Saudi Islam has been radicalized since 1979 through various activities of Saudi MB and Sahwa movement, and the government s anti-terror activities has been strengthened sice 9/11 terror in 2001. In the result of 9/11 and AQAP activities, the Saudi s anti-terrorism law was established in 2005. IS has declared war against Saudi Arabia since late 2014, and attacked Saudi area many times. IS has declared Calipate, and claimed the true representative of Wahhabism. IS has argued to be inspired by the first Saudi-Wahhabi state(1744-1818) which engaged in Jihadism and totally anti-Shi ism. The IS appearance has cast a debate on the Saudi s political and religious legitimacy, including Wahhabism and political leadership. In regard to the Saudi s counter-terrorism system, the full-scale activities of IS in Saudi will take long time, but the debate on Wahhabism between Saudi regime and IS will be continued. And the Saudi regime s support for Wahhabism will be intensified, because it has given the Saudi rulers the political legitimacy.