육계 및 양돈산업의 수직적 연계의 동기와 유형 차이에 관한 연구

Vertical Linkages in the Broiler and Pork Industries

Vertical linkages or vertical coordination refers to the means by which products move through the food marketing channel from producer to consumer. Transaction cost economics provides considerable insights into the vertical linkages of marketing system in the poultry and pork industries. Transaction cost theory states that transaction cost is the major determinant of vertical linkages in the agri-food industries, and methods of vertical linkages are chosen to minimize transaction costs. Transaction cost as a function of asset specificity increases as the level of asset specificity increases. For low levels of asset specificity, transaction costs of spot market are minimal. For intermediate levels of asset specificity, contract arrangements minimize transaction costs. For high levels of asset specificity, vertical integration becomes the cost-minimizing method of vertical linkages. In terms of asset specificity, physical asset specificity is high in both poultry and pork industries. However, temporal specificity and site specificity have more influence on vertical linkages in the poultry industry than in the pork industry. Therefore, poultry industry relies more on production contract which shifts more control of production to the contractor, whereas pork industry relies more on marketing contract which shifts less control of production to the contractor. The regulatory drivers such as product liability law and traceability will lead to closer forms of vertical linkages along the food marketing channel in the future.