UR 협상과정과 WTO의 영향에 대한 평가

An Assessment on the Uruguay Round Negotiation Process and Impacts of the WTO on Agriculture - With Special Reference to Korean Experiences -

The Uruguay Round (UR) on Agriculture was initiated by a small number of exp orting countries like the United States, European Union, and Cairns group who were motivated to transfer their internal problems in agriculture to international markets. Althou gh they highlighted the theme of global agricultural reform by comparative advantage and welfare of the all participant s, the Round was an unfair game of economic p olitics in the name of multilateral negotiation that could solve their accumulative problems of over-production, stockpiling, exp ort dumping and increasing subsidies. In fact, the negotiation was prepared in advance by the p olicy reforms of the leading countries in a way to fit with their own needs and bu dget capabilities. As the result, the monop olistic p ower of those exp orting countries has strengthened in the international market on the one hand; while deepening the disparities between the rich and p oor and food security dependency of many importing countries on the other hand. Unfairness of the Agreement lies in the fact that; exp ort- restrictions and embargos of exp orting countries were allowed; but no exemption for importing countries other than admitting tariffication and minimum market access (MMA) in the rule of market access. This paper, in analyzing the nature of unfairness of the Agreement and the impact, on the basis of Korean experiences in order to provide information to those who are concerned in the agricultural arena of globalization.