일본어 배려표현에 관한 고찰

A Study on Consideration Expressions in Japanese - Through the Analysis of TV Dramas -

本研究は、主語の意志によって日本語配慮表現の類型と意味的な特徴を分析して話し手と聞き手との関係について分析した。 まず、主語の意志がある場合は、直示型、敬意型、依頼型、終助詞型、推測·様態型、副助詞型であり、主語の意志がない場合は、被害受身型、動詞の自·他対応型、否定可能型、主題優先型に分類することができた。 配慮表現の類型による意味的な特徴や話し手と聞き手との関係を見ると、話し手の意志が強ければ強いほど、聞き手が受け入れる負担が高く、話し手の断定的な表現によって聞き手に対する配慮が低くなって、結局は事態に対する聞き手の意思決定権及び利益が弱くなると見られる。反面、話し手の意志が弱ければ弱いほど聞き手が受け入れる負担が小さくなって、話し手の発言が減り、聞き手に対する話し手の配慮が高まって、結局は事態に対する聞き手の意思決定権及び利益が強くなると見られる。

In this paper, we investigated the relationship between the speakers and the listeners by analyzing types and semantic characteristics of consideration expressions in Japanese in terms ofthe intention of the speakers. We classified their relationships as follows. First, in cases where the speakers’ intentions are present, they are divided into the direct viewing type, respect type, request type, final particle type, guess mode type, and adverbial particle type. Second, in cases where the speakers’ intentions are absent, they are divided into adversative passive type, corresponding type of intransitive and transitive verbs, possible negative type, and subject priority type. We found that the speakers’ consideration extent for the listeners is the weakest in the direct viewing type with the speakers’ intention from the point of view of the listeners without having privilege to make a decision because a chance to speak their opinion is not given. On the other hand, in the subject priority type, the speakers’ consideration extent for the listeners is the strongest without expressing the speakers’ intentions in the situation because of the privilege to make a decision as well as lessening pressures to the listeners.