The English Language Experiences of North Korean Refugees in South Korean Universities

North Korean refugees often struggle to adapt to the ultracompetitive educational environment of South Korea, and many have difficulties learning the English language. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to learn more about the English language experiences of North Korean refugee students in South Korean universities. The 15 participants in this study were North Korean refugees in their twenties who have lived in South Korea for at least 3 years. An initial study examined the educational experiences of North Korean refugees during premigration (in North Korea), transmigration (on the new underground railroad), and postmigration (in South Korea). In the initial study, four types of data were collected including a demographic questionnaire, a timeline of major life experiences, standardized interviews, and journal entry responses. The original study did not focus on English language experiences in South Korea, but many participants elaborated on this concept. A follow-up study using standardized, open-ended interviews was conducted to focus more on the English language experiences of the participants. Results indicate that the participants have experienced immense challenges with the English language, especially in terms of preparing for the Test of English for International Communication. Practical implications and participant recommendations are also provided.