제도개선을 통한 부패방지

Anti-corruption through integrity system improvement - in relation to reemployment of retired officials -

본 연구는 개발국가(developmental state)와 같이 국가의 권한이 강해질수록 공무원의 부패가능성이 높아질 수 있다는 것을 밝히고 국가의 권학확대에 따른 부패는 개인의 도덕적 인식이나 단순한 처벌과 감시의 강화로 해결하기 어렵기 때문에 국가의 청렴제도나 거버넌스 개선을 통하여 부패를 줄일 수 있다는 것을 주장한다. 일본의 경우도 경제부처에 근무하는 공무원이 은퇴후 관련 산업이나 공공부문에 재취업하는 현상 때문에 다양한 형태의 정책왜곡이 발생하고 있다. 한국의 경우에 대학 평가가 강화되고 평가결과에 따른 보상이 점점 커지면서 교육부 출신 관료의 대학 재취업이 크게 확산되고 있다. 이런 왜곡현상을 막기 위해서는 적절한 제도와 거버넌스 개선이 시급하다.

This paper emphasize the importance of institutional improvement and good governance to combat corruption. Corruption could be caused by institutional defects instead of individual choices. As the government has more power as in the case of Japan which is described a developmental state, the possibility of corruptive behavior of bureaucrats increases. While mobility of labors between the private sector and the government sector is possibile, the movement direction is usually from the public sector to private sector and government related institutions by the retired bureaucrats. There could be the possibility that this reemployment system will lead to favoritism when the official, knowing he is going to retire and reemployed in the future, prepares his next job by giving special favors to the companies and universities which he is about to descend. The likelihood of such actions increase as the ministry s officials, not the retired bureaucrat himself, become to know the systemic connection between the present behavior and future reemployment. As the ministry of education becomes more power through college evaluation, many colleges invite retired high ranking officials of Ministry of Education(MOE). This system will enlarge undesirable connections between the MOE and colleges and in many cases lead to corruption. To prevent the undesirable connection, we need to build a new integrity system and develop good governance system.