아랍어 문법과 이슬람 법학과의 관계

The Relations between Arabic Grammar and Islamic Jurisprudence in the course of the Formation of Arabic Grammar

This thesis aims at studying the relations between Islamic jurisprudence and Arabic grammar in the process of the formation and development of Arabic grammar. The purpose of this study is to analyze the background of the formation of Arabic grammar at the beginning and the mutual influence among Islamic studies on it such as Islamic jurisprudence. It means that Arabic grammar has been closely related to the other Islamic studies. This is manifested by the fact that all the Islamic studies has primarily been conducted on the basis of the Quran. As for the formation of Arabic grammar, its direct motive is attributed to the conservation and more correct understanding of the Quran. Considering that the Quran provides an absolute standard governing all aspects of Muslim s life, it was an influential factor in the formation of all the Islamic studies. In this context, it s noteworthy of focusing on how Arabic grammar has induced its consistent rules from the other Islamic studies, especially Islamic jurisprudence. Islamic jurisprudence is defined as a study to extract the principle of law and the law enforcement ability from the Quran and Sunnah, the source of legal evidence. The methodology of Islamic jurisprudence can be divided into two main categories. First, a descriptive method of gathering and classifying passages related to the principle and enforcement ability of Islamic law. Secondly, a speculative method of extracting specific legal regulations from the Quran to apply it to reality. The derivation of specific legal provisions from the categorized data was done through a rational method of so-called analogy(qiyās). The analogy is a rational reasoning that creates new things from existing knowldege. Jurists generally established the basic rules of law by the agreement, and when it became difficult, they solved the problem by the analogy. The analogy of Islamic law consists of four stages: the original aṣl, the lower far , the cause illah, and the judgment ḥukm. The original aṣl is a basic rule as a prototype, and the lower far a is a modified rule obtained by expanding the basic rule. The cause illah, refers to a cause or reason that allows the expansion process to be extended when a basic rule is extended and a sub-rule is derived. The analogy has greatly contributed to the systematization and diversification of the grammatical studies as stated clearly in Sibawayhi and Ibn Jini s researches. In addition, the grammatical research was developed by dividing the structure of words and sentences into the original aṣl and the lower far a and establishing the causal factors illah which are the logical proof of the modification. The early analogy was a natural analogy, but it was affected by medieval speculative theology and expanded into the speculative and rational analogy. As a result of this, many problems have occurred due to the conflicting and diversified opinions among the grammatical scholars about the causal factors.