지붕改良의 經濟的效果分析

An Economic Analysis of Roof-Improvement Project in Korea

This study attempts to evaluate the economic effects and farmers response of roof-improvement project, i.e. the replacement of straw thatch by slate and ceramic tile, which was carried out through the country as a part of New Community Movement in Korea. The study was based on the data obtained from 37 sample farms in four villages in Kyunggi province. However information from 151 sample villages was supplemented to compare with the results of this study. The followings are the major findings: 1. On the average, the total replacement cost per household was 135,753 won at 1974 prices. About 77 percent of total cost was expended in purchasing of slate or ceramic tile and other materials and the remaining 23 percent was imputed labor cost. The cost shares between labor and materials are quite agree with the study results based on the data obtained from 151 nationwide sample villages. 2. Fund for the replacement of the roof comes from two sources external and internal. The external source, government subsidy and loans from financial institution and private market, accounted for 30 percent. The remaining 70 percent of the fund was provided by the building owner with 7% in the form of labor and 63 percent in cash respectively. 3. By the substitution of slate or ceramic tile for straw thatch in roofing, the straw and labor needed for the replacement of straw thatch roof once a year and every two years are saved. The gross saving of straw and labor for a replacement were estimated to be 14,068 won and 17,178 won respectively totaling to 31,246 won. On the other hand the scrap value of straw for a replacement of straw thatch roof was estimated to be 6,014 won resulting in 25,232 won of net saving. 4. Under the assumption of expected use life of slate is 30 years, straw thatch replaces every two years and discount rate is 8 percent, the B/C ratio is 1.17. If we assume straw thatch replaces every year, the B/C ratio turns out to be 2.28. This ratio is rather low compared to the ratio of 3.28 obtained from 151 sample village study with the same assumption. This difference might have occurred due to the different detrimental rate of straw thatch among locations. In Kyunggi province humidity is lower and summer period is shorter compared to southern part of Korea. Therefore the detrimental rate of straw thatch might be lower in Kyunggi province than nation as a whole. 5. When we assume the straw thatch replaces every two years and expected use life of state is 30 years, the internal rate of return is 10.2 percent. In the other study the internal rate of return was estimated to be 36.8 percent assuming that the straw thatch replaces every year. 6. The percentage distribution of alternative uses of saved straw are: 22% for feed, 12% as raw material for straw processing goods, 28% for manure, 30% for fuel, 5% for sale and 3 for miscellaneous purposes. 7. The alternative uses of saved labor are: 30% for crop cultivation, 19% for the manufacturing of straw processing goods, 10% for livestock feeding, 12% for public works, 10% for land arragement and 19% for leisure and others. The percentage distribution among alternative uses of saved labor differed significantly by farm size. The larger farms spent relatively more of their saved labor for direct production activities such as crop cultivation, livestock feeding and manufacturing of processing goods. On the other hand small sized farms spend relatively more of labor force to public works and leisure. 8. About 60% of farmers are voluntarily motivated to improve the roofs, 19% was persuaded by neighbors, 16% was to receive loans and only 5% of them followed community order. 9. As ex-post opinion, none of the farmers regretted the replacement of slate or ceramic tile for straw thatch roofing. The reasons are: it is more economical, 22%; saves labor, 25%; more sanitary, 22%; alternative use of straw, 20% and others 9% respectively. It can be concluded that roof improvement pro