조선전기 조정사(朝廷使)에 대한 접빈다례(接賓茶禮) 일고

A Study on the Tea Ceremony for the reception of Chinese Envoys

본 연구는 조선전기 조정사(朝廷使)를 위해 거행되었던 접빈다례의 절차와 그 의의를 추적해 보고자 하는데 목적을 두었다. 조정사는 중국의 사신을 지칭하는 것으로 일본을 비롯한 교린국의 사신들은 인국사(隣國使)라 지칭하였다. 조선의 외교정책은 사대교린에 바탕을 두었기 때문에 사신에 대한 명칭과 대우에서도 차등을 두었던 것이다. 접빈다례는 국가의전의 일환으로 거행되었기 때문에 동아시아의 유교적 질서가 의례 속에 고스란히 투영되었다. 더욱이 외교적으로도 중차대한 일이었기 때문에 왕과 왕세자는 물론 종친에 이르기까지 별도로 접빈다례를 거행하면서 특별히 예우하였다. 고려시대의 다방(茶房)과 조선시대의 사준원(司尊院)은 다례를 주관하는 부서였다. 조선시대 왕과 왕세자의 접빈다례 또한 사준원에서 주관하였으며, 조정사가 오면 영접도감(迎接都監) 혹은 접대도감(接待都監)이라는 임시기구를 설치하여 사신접대에 만전을 기하였다.

This study aims at looking the procedures and the meaning of the tea ceremony for the reception of Chinese Envoys or Jeobbin (guest-greeting) Darye (tea ceremony) which was held during the former Joseon period. The Chinese envoys were translated into Jojeongsa in Korean while Japanese and other foreign envoys from the Joseon’s neighboring countries were referred to as Inguksa. The reason why the term of Chinese envoy was different from that of Japanese and foreign envoy is that the diplomacy of Joseon Dynasty was based on Sadae Gyorin policy or “serving-the-great” policy with suzerain China and neighbourly relations with Japan. This resulted in the different term and preferential treatment for the Chinese envoys or Jojeongsa. As the Jeobbin Darye was held according to the protocol of official visits of envoys, the idea and the concept of Confucianism culture in East-Asia was embodied into the guest-greeting tea ceremony. At the same time, as holding the Jeobbin Darye for the envoys was also considered diplomatically significant, the king, the prince and even royal families participated in the Jeobbin Darye to respect the Jojeongsa with special treatments. Goryeo Dynasty and Joseon Dynasty established its own department in charge of organizing Darye and the department was called Dabang and Sajunwon respectively. The Sajunwon also organized the Jeobbin Darye convened by the king and the prince. On top of that, the Sajunwon even established a task force for Jeobbin Darye called Yeongjeob Dogam or Jeobdae Dogam for providing great hospitality to visiting envoys.