성격 5요인과 행복의 관계 구조

Relationship Structure between Big Five and Happiness

이 연구는 초·중·고 학생들의 성격 5요인과 행복의 관계 구조를 정준상관분석을 적용하여 탐색하였다. 구체적인 연구문제로는 성격과 행복의 관계 구조를 먼저 살펴보았고, 성별에 따른 변화와 학교급에 따른 변화를 파악하였다. 성격의 하위변 인 5개(성실성, 외향성, 친화성, 개방성, 신경성)와 행복의 하위변인 6개(효능·정 서·관계안녕, 개인성장, 삶의 목적, 자기 수용)가 산출가능한 정준함수는 총 5개였으나, 의미있게 해석가능한 제1정준함수와 제2정준함수를 분석하였다. 또한 관계성의 변화양상을 검토한 결과, 변인의 제거가 관계양상에 큰 변화를 야기하지 않음을 발견할 수 있었으며 성격과 행복간의 일반화 가능성을 확인하였다. 남학생과 여학생의 개인 내적 특성 중 성격과 관련해서는 여학생이 행복을 더 많이 경험함을 알 수 있었고 학교급별 분석결과로는 초등, 중등, 고등으로 갈수록 설명력이 상승하는 경향을 보였으나 공유분산과 정준중복지수에서의 설명력은 고등학생이 가장 강하게 나타났고 초등학생과 중학생 순서로 설명력을 보였다. 연구의 제한점과 후속연구를 위한 제안이 논의되었다.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship structure between Big Five and happiness. This purpose was differentiated into three research questions. First, what s the relationship structure between Big Five and happiness? Second, does the relationship structure between Big Five and happiness depend on gender? Third, does the relationship structure between Big Five and happiness depend on level of school? Happiness included two kinds of well-being : subjective well-being and psychological well-being. The subjects of this study were the 562 students of elementary(222), middle(142) and high(198) school in Chonbuk region and Jeon-ju city. The instruments used for the data collection were Big Five scale (Ha Dae-Hyun et al, 2008 ;Hann & Spinath, 2012), subjective well-being scale by Bak & Song(2007), psychological well-being scale by Kim et al(2001). The canonical correlation analysis was the main statistical method. The results are as follows. First, Big Five showed very high relationship with happiness. Second, according to gender, there was a difference between Big Five and happiness. Canonical variables explanatory power of girls was higher than of that boys. Third, according to school level, there was a difference between Big Five and happiness. Also canonical variables explanatory power of high school students was the highest of that middle school students and elementary school students. Two kinds of relationship were compared in detail through the criteria of canonical weights, canonical (cross) loadings, canonical correlation (squared), shared variances, redundancy indices, gender differences and school levels.