『宇治拾遺物語』における寺物私用の罪業と銅湯の罰

The Sin of Stealing Temple Food and the Punishment of Copperware Hot Water in Ujishui Monogatari

本稿では、『宇治拾遺物語』巻9第7話における寺物私用の罪業と銅湯の罰の関係性について考察し、『今昔物語集』巻19第20話との比較分析を試みた。『往生要集』などに見える地獄思想を検討した結果、蔵人が必ずしも寺物私用の罪を犯してなくても、僧侶の娘と交わる行為が罪となり、銅湯の罰を受ける夢を見た一つの要因になるのではないかという可能性を見出した。また、先行研究において、両話は同文的同話として読まれてきたが、本文対照による比較から、数ヵ所の異同が確認できた。『今昔物語集』巻19第20話に比べ、『宇治拾遺物語』巻9第7話では、夢に対して罪を心に恥じる蔵人の慙愧の念は描かれない。『宇治拾遺物語』巻9第7話に描かれた蔵人は、寺に従事する別当の僧侶とその周囲の人々が寺物を食した罪と、外部の者である自身を遮断し、銅の湯を飲まされる人々と自分自身を同様の罰の対象と認識しないのである。『宇治拾遺物語』の編者は巻9第7話を収載する際、『今昔物語集』のような仏教の教理へと導くための唱導的意識より、生々しく奇怪な夢の描写と、夢を通じた警告に対する俗人の恐怖心と利己心の表れに興味をもっていたのではないかという可能性が確認できた。

The aim of this paper is the analysis and its consideration on the sin of stealing temple food and the punishment of drinking copperware hot water in Ujishui Monogatari Vol.9-7, compared with Konjaku Monogatarishu Vol.19-20. As a result of examining the thought of the Japan Buddhist hells described in Ojoyoshu, it is found out that even though Kurodo did not commit the sin of stealing temple food, the act of intersecting with the daughter of Betto(the priest supervisor) might be a sin and be a reason for the dream of receiving the punishment of the copper water. Also, in earlier research, both stories have been read as the same sentence and story. However, comparing the texts, it is sure that there are several differences between the two. It could be said that the ‘sense of shame’ of Kurodo after awaking from a dream is not described in Ujishui Monogatari Vol.9-7. Kurodo depicted in Ujishui Monogatari Vol.9-7 did not recognize himself as an object of the punishment of people impelled to drink copper hot water likewise, for he interrupted himself, which is an outsider, from Betto and his surrounding people engaging in a temple. It seemed to be reasonable to assume that the description intention of the editor of Ujishui Monogatari Vol.9-7 should be not leading to honoring Buddhist thought just as Konjaku Monogatarishu, but taking the interest of description as a vivid and grotesque dream and the fear and selfishness of snobbish people against warnings through dreams.