문명 금은광산 주변 논토양에서 As 및 중금속의 토양과 벼작물의 상관성 평가

Correlation of Arsenic and Heavy Metals in Paddy Soils and Rice Crops around the Munmyung Au-Ag Mines

이 연구는 휴광된 문명광산 주변의 토양과 식물의 유기적 관계규명을 위해 토양시료를 왕수, 1 M MgCl 2 , 0.01 M CaCl 2 및 0.05 M EDTA 등 다양한 추출제로 전처리하여 As 및 중금속을 분석하였다. 화학분해 방법에 따른 함량은 왕수 > 0.01 M CaCl 2 > 1 M MgCl 2 > 0.05 M EDTA 순으로 나타났으며 통계적으로 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.01). 원소별 생물학적 농축계수(BAC)는 Cd, Cu 및 Zn 함량이 As와 Pb에 비해 상대적으로 높은 결과를 얻었다. 이 연구에서 식물농도에 영향을 주는 물리화학적 특성을 이용하여 단계별 다중선형회귀분석을 수행하였으며, 그 결과는 As 및 중금속의 농도 예측에 유용하게 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 농가의 1일 평균 쌀소비량인 287g을 적용하여 세계보건기구의 미량원소 1일 섭취 최대허용량과 비교한 결과 Cd와 As에서 각각 73.7%, 51.8%의 높은 섭취량을 보였다. 그러므로 현재까지 발현되지는 않았지만 광산주변 거주자들이 지역에서 재배된 쌀을 장기간 섭취할 경우 As 및 중금속 농축에 의한 건강의 악영향이 발생될 수 있으므로 적절한 처리가 요구된다.

This study has focused on investigation of correlation for As and heavy metals in paddy soil and rice crops sam-pled in the vicinity of the abandoned Munmyung Au-Ag mine. Soil samples extracted by various methods includ-ing aqua regia, 1 M MgCl 2 , 0.01 M CaCl 2 and 0.05 M EDTA were analyzed for As and heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn). Rice grain samples grown on the soils were also analyzed for the same elements to evaluate the relation-ships between soils and rice crops. According to soil extraction methods, As and heavy metal contents in the soils were decreased in the order of aqua regia > 0.01 M CaCl 2 > 1 M MgCl 2 > 0.05 M EDTA. In addition to correla-tion analysis, statistically significant correlation with the four extraction methods (p<0.01) were found in the soil and rice samples. As calculation of biological accumulation coefficients (BACs) of the rice crops for As and heavy metals, the BACs for Cd, Zn and Cu were relatively higher than those for As and Pb. This study also carried out a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis to identify the dominant factors influencing metal extraction rates of the paddy soils. Furthermore, daily intakes of As and heavy metals from regularly consumed the rice grain (287 g/day) grown on the contaminated soils by the mining activities were estimated, and found that Cd and As intakes from the rice reached up to 73.7% and 51.8% for maximum allowance levels of trace elements suggested by WHO, respectively. Therefore, long-term consumption of the rice poses potential health problems to residents around the mine, although no adverse health effects have yet been observed.