근대국어  라체 의문형 어미에 대한 연구

A Study on ‘hara’ Style Interrogative Endings of Modern Korean

This study intended to examine the change, distribution, expansion, and extinction of the ‘hara’ style interrogative endings of modern Korean based on Korean vernacular letters. ‘nya/nyo’ style and ‘rya/ryo’ style interrogative endings, which were classified as polar(yes-no) question and content question depending on whether they had interrogative word in the middle Korean, were gradually integrated into ‘nya’ and ‘rya’ from the 16th century, and ‘-nya’ and ‘-nyo’ were finally integrated into ‘-nya’ in the beginning of the 17th century and ‘-rya’ and ‘-ryo’, ‘-rya’ in the mid 18th century. ‘-nya’ style interrogative ending has been used without personal distinction from the 17th century as the person restriction gradually disappeared. ‘-n ga/-n go’ and ‘-l ga/-l go’ had been mainly used in indirect questions in the 15th century Korean until 16th century when they were used widely regardless of direct or indirect questions. However, ‘-n da’ was still used exclusively in the sentence led by the second person subject. Meanwhile, ‘-n da’ style interrogative ending began to compete against ‘-nya’ style and ‘-n ga’ style endings in the sentence led by the second person subject. Through this course of competition, ‘-nya’ style and ‘-n ga’ style endings ate into the domain of ‘-n da’ style ending, reducing the distribution of ‘-n da’ style ending. Also, interrogative ending, ‘-n da’, inevitably came into conflict with ‘-n da’ which was used as declarative ending from the 16th century in terms of the form. In this process, ‘-l da’ in ‘-n da’ style disappeared first at the end of the 17th century and ‘-n da’ remained further until it disappeared at the end of 18th century.