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An Analysis of Changes in Food Expenditure Using Generational Cohorts Data

The purpose of this paper is to analyze to changes in food expenditure patterns in the light of the age-cohort-year decomposition. Using the Korean Households Income and Expenditure Survey data from 1990 to 2015, we constructed the cohort data set by six socio-historical generations. We selected eight food categories, and carried out a Tobit estimation for each category, and then decomposed estimated parameters into age, generation, and year effects. These estimation and decomposition processes were continued for both expenditure amounts and shares of each food category. From the empirical results, we found that first, for all food categories there exist highly significant age-generation-year effects in both expenditure amounts and shares; second, younger generations spent more than older generations on the total food expenditure, processed food products and food away from home, whereas older generations spent more than younger generations on fresh food products; third, younger generations had less than older generations expenditure shares on grains, marine products, vegetables & seaweeds, whereas older generations had less than younger generations expenditure shares on meats, fruits, processed food products, and food away from home; fourth, households’ socio-economic factors have significant effects on both food expenditure amounts and shares of all food categories, and generation effects were not affected by adding various socio-economic variables into both food expenditure and share equations.