전자상거래 발달과정에 관한 연구

A study on the evolution of E-commerce

E-commerce is causing an upheaval that is shaking the foundations of traditional business, Commerce in the pre-Internet age was very restricted compared to the possibilities the information technologies and the information infrastructure offers. The major limiting factors were time and space. Even if shops were open 24 hours a day, only a limited amount of customers can come to the location of the shop. The shop can also offer only a limited selection of goods, as space is limited on the premises of the shop. A shop on the Internet is unlimited in space and time. Instead of serving customers from nine to five, the customers are served around the clock in the electronic commerce, whenever a customer feels Iike needing a product. Also, there are no limits in the amount of products a shop can offer. Amazon, com offers about 5 million items to choose from. No physical book shop in the world possibly can carry that amount of items. The first wave of E-commerce was fundamentally the exchange of information. But, with time, more and more types of businesses have become available electronically. Nowadays we can buy goods online, book holidays or have tests translated over the Internet in an instant. Technology has revolutionized the way we can do business. In order to understand the significance of e-commerce, it is paramount to look into the evolutional development of e-commerce. In this article we have traced the evolution of e-commerce up until now, dividing into B2C and B2B. For B2C e-commerce, in the later part of 1970s Minitel in France allowed people to share information through computer network which was calIed as videotex. Home Shopping Network began its tv retailing in 1982, which was the first B2C e-commerce in the USA. Now HSN sells over 10 billion dollars a year. Along with tv home shopping, CD-ROM shopping was also introduced. Basically CD-ROM is a substitute for catalog advertising. Amazon began its service in 1995. One year later in 1996 CD Now, Internet Shopping Network, Travelocity, and Virtual Vineyards along with Amazon established themselves as leading online retailers. At around this time the traditional bricks and motors companies such as Barnes & Noble, Walmart, JC Penny, StarBucks, Godiva, and others made inroads into online businesses. Also, other types of e-commerce models such as e-mall and mall&mall began to appear. Like department store e-mall sells many different categories of goods whereas mall&mall contains many individual e-stores. In the year of 2000, Metamrket, M-commerce, and T-commerce were presented in the market. Metamarket is a site where various categories of goods and services are grouped by consumer’s behavior and sold. M(obi1e)-commerce is an application making the Internet access possible through the mobile telecommunication devices. T-commerce is an advanced home shopping using interactive tv. B2B e-commerce have existed long before Internet was developed. Repetitive businesses were handled through EDI which appeared in 1973. Utilization of EDI was very limited to big companies because of its costs. However, Internet made possible for B2B e-commerce to expand in a large way. It is expected that at the end of 2003 the size of B2B is, at least, 50% larger than that of B2C. Purchaser oriented marketplace in 1995, supplier oriented marketplace in 1996, and distributer oriented marketplace in 1999 were developed respectively. In 2000 consortiums were formed vertically and horizontally in B2B e-commerce. VerticaI consortiums are called as vertical hubs where specialized services are provided for a particular industry. Horizontal hubs provide the same business functions shared by the different industries. Adauction.com helps companies find ad agency for their promotional campaign.