단기가족치료의 이론과 기법

Theories and Techniques of Brief Family Therapy

단기가족치료란 여러 가족치료모델 중 하나인데, ‘단기’라 하여 단순히 치료기간의 단축만을 의미하는 것이 아니고 이 모델만의 독특한 이론과 기법을 적용함으로써 10 sessions 이내라는 단기간에 가족 문제를 이해하고 이의 변화를 유도하고자 하는 가족치료모델이다. 본 연구에서는 단기치료의 두 모델인 Mental Research Institute(MRI)의 단기가족치료모델과 Milan Group의 단기가족치료모델에 대해서 살펴보았다. 즉, 상호작용적 관점(interpersonal view)에서 가족을 이해하는 MRI모델과 기능적인 인공두뇌적 관점(functional cybernetic view)에서 가족의 상호작용을 이해하는 Milan모델에 대해서 각각의 이론과 기법에 있어서의 유사점과 차이점을 비교분석하였으며, 이를 토대로 우리나라 가족치료 실천에 있어서의 적용가능성에 대해서 생각해 보았다.

Brief family therapy is the one model of family therapy approaches. This model has specific goals. Especially the number of sessions is predetermined 10 sessions or less. This study investigates the theories and techniques of brief family therpy model in order to explore the possibility of application to practicing the family therapy in Korea. This study is to concentrate on two models in brief family therapy: Mental Research Institute(MRI) model and Milan Group model. Based on theoretical review, the characteristics of each model are described. 1. Theoretical Background and Major Concepts: ① MRI model : Interaction view, failed attempted solution ② Milan Group model: functional cybernetic view, family premises about family contexts. 2. Goal of Therapeutic Approach: ① MRI model: Small change is encouraged in order to break up the existing sequences of dysfunctional behavioral patterns. ② Milan Group model: The therapists help the family to develop an alternative thought and meanings about their family contexts. 3. Therapeutic Techniques: ① MRI model: reframing or relabeling, paradoxical instruction ② Milan Group model: positive connotation, circular questioning. counter paradox, family rituals. 4. Number of Sessions: ① MRI model: The interval of session is a weekly basis and the total number of sessions is no more than 10 sessions. ② Milan Group model: The interval of session is a monthly basis and the total number of sessions is no more than 10 sessions. The above described two models of brief family therapy show similarities and differences with major concepts and therapeutic techniques. It is hopeful that the integration of two models will be effective in practicing family therapy in Korea.