청소년의 심리ㆍ정서적 욕구와 단기가족치료의 접근

The adolescent’ s psycho-emotional needs and the approach of solution-focused brief family therapy

본 연구는 청소년 비행과 심리ㆍ사회적 욕구를 해결하기 위한 방법으로 가족치료 접근법을 제시하였다. 청소년의 문제는 발달상의 특징에 의해서 일시적으로 나타나는 심리 정서적 갈등의 결과이므로, 이들의 문제에 대처하기 위한 방안으로는 다차원적인 관점에서 청소년 문제를 이해하여 포괄적인 사회사업 서비스와 해결중심의 단기가족치료를 활용하는 것이 바람직하다. 해결중심의 단기가족치료를 제공할 때, 치료자는 청소년의 자아정체감 형성, 심리ㆍ정서적 욕구의 해결, 부모와의 관계 개선, 부모의 자녀양육태도 변화 등을 치료의 목표로 하여 청소년의 잠재력과 문제해결의 능력을 개발할 수 있도록 도움을 주어야 한다.

This paper suggests that problems of adolescents are natural incidents resulting from adolescents’ biological, psychological and social transformation. In adolescence, the youngster is psychosocially enforced to complete his/her developmental tasks, such as achieving self-identity, independence, and career although he/she is not ready to achieve them. This gap results in emotional conflicts and problems among adolescents. In this resptect, the psychosocial approach is the useful way of conceptualizing the problems and advancing the possibilities for effective treatment. Among the effective psychotherapies, this paper presents the Solution-focuced Brief Family Therapy as the most powerful intervention working with adolescents. Out of the ecological context, such as family, peers, school, community, the SFBFT therapist focuses on family as the primary system causing adolescent’s problems. The adolescent is extremely vulnerable to changes within his/her family system as well as his/her own developmental transformation. Due to this influence of a family system, therapist working with the disturbed adolescents primarily helps their families to change parent-child relationships and child-rearing skills in order to match family system with adolescents’ developmental needs.