영어 부정구문에 대한 통시적 고찰

The main goal of this paper is to analyze the base-generated position of the negation element not in English negative expressions and the movement of verbs across the negation element within the domain of the Principles and Parameters approach and diachronic syntax. The summary outlined from the analysis runs as follows: 1. The surface word order in Old English constructions shows that the negation element always precedes a finite verb in both main clauses and subordinate clauses. The surface word order of the main clauses in Old English is derived from two movements : the movement of the negation element from the specifier position of VP to the specifies position of CP; and the consequent raising of a finite verb to the second constituent position. The surface word order of the subordinate clauses in Old English is the structure of the underlying word order itself : a finite verb projects the preverbal negation element as its specifier. 2. The basic assumption concerning the position of the negation element he IP structure of Modern English, which is contrary to the treatments advocated by Chomsky(1988) and Pollock(1989), is that it is generated as the specifies of VP. In order to account for the surface word order between a finite verb and not under this hypothesis, we only need the stipulation of the parameterized principle, “Move every finite verb to the left of not in English.” 3. On the morphological realization of the auxiliary do in a negative clause of Modern English, ‘a base-generated do hypothesis’ seems to be preferable to the ‘do - support’ analysis. If do is derived from the same D - structure position as the aspectual auxiliaries have or be, it raises to I, i.e., Tense → AGR through the operation of the parameterized principle, “Auxiliary do must head the lexical verb phrase in an English negative clause.” This parameter can explain the canonical direction of ‘move - α’ in English constructions.