Gathering Storm or Silver Lining Out of the Clouds?

Thc nuclear vcapons lests ronducted by North Korea in Octobcr 2006 ,md May 2009 demons tralcd the failure of attcl1lpts by the intcrnation<l l (0πmunity !ed by the Un i‘ed States 10 d ctcr such dcvdoprncn t. The s itualion hilS now bc<:omc a problem of compclling thc North 10 give up ils IVpons program. Drawing from thc li h~rilt urc 011 derrcll C failu llS nnd α、c dipJonwcy‘ <Ind from Sl C<lIdi cs， th is paper rccxaminι s the Ilnturc imd progression of the issue. It argues thilt the U.s. 1， il c1ιa r VISlon its obκlives and fail 10 crcate a scn‘;c of urgency in N‘’rth Korea 10 dccide on and implement the b ition of ilnuclt ;u program;and ,1 the Sl ffiC limι the of punishment uscd by tht, U.S. crc limit duc 10 thc lraq Waι North Korcl s mi!itmy l plbil“y, and the lack of rdinatωn l nlClng thc nlultiplc cocrccrs. This paper proposs Ihat while thc U.s ‘lI1d its lics prcparc a ll1ulti facctd ， thrcats and inctS to persuade the North thi lt the cosls of the wCipons progmm oull써igh it5 !Jene further pro ltions ‘uld nL tate a decisive i1pp1ici1lion of αX rdvcdiplomacy.