제1차 세계대전과 독일 우파의 평화사상:

First World War and Pacific Thought of German Right:

This paper aims to find a clue about the pacific ideas of political Right in the German Empire. For this, it made a case study about pacifism of Ernst Haeckel who was a representative figure of German Social Darwinism and one of cofounder of Pan-German League(Alldeutscher Verband). It asked how he accepted the ideas of pacifist movement in the nationalistic󰡈imperialistic network of meanings, and converted these in his own way. His pacific thought was characterized by following features: 1. Haeckel accepted several key words of German pacific movement before the First World War, combining them with the language of Social Darwinism. According to him, the ‘continuous peace’ means the peaceful competition as a evolved form of struggle for existence, and in this sense, the pacifism is to avoid the degeneration of peaceful competition into the hostile struggle for existence. 2. As a continuous pacific system, Haeckel formulated a great alliance of Germanic races consisted of German, British and North American nations. Such a conception of Germanic alliance based upon military partnership shows a grotesque combination of pacifism and internationalism with imperialism, racism, and militarism. 3. After the outbreak of the First World War, Haeckel reformulated his pacific ideas. He argued the aggressive annexion policy just like most of his comrades in the Pan-German League. For him, the unrestricted annexion and the development of Germany as established colonial empire were a essential prerequisite for the future ‘continuous peace’. In this sense, Haeckel’s pacifism was chauvinistic.