독일제국 시기 시립박물관 설립과 박물관정책

The Foundation of City Museums and the Policy of City Museum in the German Empire

This paper deals with the history of ‘City Museums’ in the German Empire, especially the first city museum in Berlin, ‘Märkisches Provinzial-Museum (Provincial Museum of the March)’. The city museum that selected and exhibited relics of hometown past was one of the public facilities. How was the city museum established and managed? And did the museum take the appropriate policies for the public? My purpose is to examine whether the city museum was supposed to open to the public and how to fulfill this purpose. City Museums had been built from the second half of the nineteenth century, especially after the Unification(1871). The ‘Märkisches Provinzial-Museum’ opened in 1874. In a society that had undergone rapid industrialization and urbanization, the well-educated people and the history associations became interested in the local history. E. Friedel who was a Berlin administrative assistant and a member of the history associations was the first director of the ‘Märkisches Provincial-Museum’. The city museum as a public facility pursued educational intentions for every resident and the popularization of the museum. Various groups from a german emperor to labourer had interest in the museum collection plan, so they had donated gifts to the city museum. But the donation policy classified donators into many times-donators or not. The people who have time and money were able to participate in field-surveys. Some visitor-guidelines of the museum (ex. entrance-time, age-limit, neatly-dressed) were the obstacles to popularizing of the museum. So only some city-dwellers visited the museum. For these reasons, I conclude that the ‘Märkisches Provinzial-Museum’ in the German Empire was not a popular public facility.