김나지움교사 양성제도의 형성 (19-20세기 초)

The Formation of Teacher Education System for German Gymnasiums (19th-20th Centuries)

With the establishment of gymnasiums in the early 19th century, gymnasium teachers were introduced as national civil servants. Starting from teacher education at Gedike’s Gymnasium in Berlin, gymnasium teachers emerged as new workers, separate from the existing group of theologians. This occupational group of teachers, which were referred to as “academic educators,” represented the educated class called “educated class citizens (Bildungsbügertum).” This teaching job was born through the state’s career initiative. The teacher exam was introduced according to Humboldt’s model, “Examen pro facultate docendi” in 1810. Gymnasium teacher candidates completed the first and second tests in the early 19th to 20th centuries. This paper defines the history of gymnasium teachers as the history of the test system and considers how such test system developed. The first test was formulated based on Humboldt’s test in 1810. It included questions from the university studies and general questions. The second test was composed based on the training course in the gymnasium after the university studies and on the seminar, which consisted of the year of seminar (Seminarjahr) and the year of the pilot (Probejahr). Later on, Prussian teacher education directly reflected the two-track system of schools,