독일ㆍ소련의 대(對) 헝가리 전시외교정책

German and Soviet Foreign Policy toward Hungary - On the Second Vienna Award in 1940. 8. 29 -

Transylvania has been invested with a mythic significance by the political cultures of Hungary and Rumania. Hungarians have arrived and settle down in this area, which became their homeland. The problem of Transylvania among Hungary and Rumania is based on the historical facts. Since the Trianon Peace Treaty in 1920, Hungary’s aim of foreign policy was to reannex Transylvania. As a result of political promotion with the Axis powers, Hungary took the chance of reannexation. On the 29th of June 1940, Rumania, having fulfilled the Soviet claims, surrendered Bessarabia and North-Bukovina, and in the mean time France capitulated. These two events, among other things, brought radical changes both in Hungarian political thinking and in Hungarian political power relations. These measures strengthened the earlier decisions of the government that the Transylvanian revision had to be realized before the end of the war. Although in this question German support was crucial, the government gathered information about the Soviet. Their viewpoint was negative. Germany, interested in the peaceful continuity of the Rumanian oil-possibility of a postwar revision. They also urged direct Hungarian-Rumanian negotiations. The negotiations that started on August 16 soon came to a dead end, and since the Rumanian Government expressed several times its desire to solve the problem by arbitration, on August 30 the Second Vienna Award came into being. This decision gave Hungary back a territory of 43.541 ㎞2. Rumanian and the Hungarian statistics referring to the nationality division of this territory differ. Some 400.000 people of Hungarian nationality remained in the territory of Rumania. The decision had crucial consequences in domestic politics of the two countries. This inconvenient situation remains until the end of the W.W.Ⅱ.