Chronic Kidney Disease: A Risk Factor for Parkinson’s Disease

Background: This study aims to reveal risk factors of Parkinson’s disease (PD) within Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. A retrospective cohort was designed to clarify the association between PD and CKD through survival analysis. Methods: Based on Korea’s National Health Insurance System (NHIS), the subjects were divided into non-CKD patients and newly diagnosed CKD patients between 2003 and 2004. From 2005 to 2013, a 9 years’ surveillance was performed to detect the occurrence of PD. The association between CKD and PD was assessed using survival analysis. Subjects were divided into 4 CKD stages based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): eGFR＜15 (mL/min/1.73 m2), 15 to 29, 30 to 59 and 60 to 89, hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each stages were assessed. Results: CKD patients with an eGFR less than 15 had unadjusted HR of 2.79 (95% CI=1.25∼6.21, P＜0.05) and adjusted HR of 2.60 (95% CI=1.25∼6.21, P＜0.05) manifesting increased risk of PD. In male patients with eGFR less than 15, the risk was even higher in unadjusted HR of 4.21 (95% CI=1.75∼10.12, P＜0.05) and adjusted HR of 3.71 (95% CI=1.54∼8.91, P＜0.05). However, no significant association was found within female patients. Conclusion: In this study, a statistically significant association between CKD and PD was found. A notable increase in risk was found in male CKD patients with eGFR less than 15. Thus CKD resulting uremia could lead to increased risk of PDs.