슐만의 교사론의 철학적 기초

Philosophical Foundation of Shulman s Theory on Teachers

The purpose of this paper is to reveal philosophical basis in Lee S. Shulman’s theory on teachers, by analyzing the influence of two great philosophers on it: Aristotle and John Dewey. Aristotle’s concept of phronesis provides unshakable ground with Shulman’s four major ideas of pedagogical contents knowledge, pedagogical transformation, case study, reflective teacher community, in the sense that phronesis puts strong emphasis on concrete experiences. However, Shulman makes different steps with Aristotle by overlooking ‘Idea’ in Greek meaning. Shulman’s practical wisdom indicates experiences without absolute reality. Likewise, Shulman changes the relationship between theory and practice, which John Dewey has established by integrating them in continuous mutual dependance. For Shulman, even though he apparently proposes the balance between two, practical knowledge takes higher place than theoretical knowledge. Shulman’s theory on teachers suggests modern alternative teacher education to traditional one based on scholarly knowledge.