민주시민성 함양을 위한 협동학습 지도 방안

A Study on Teaching Method for Cooperative Learning to Cultivate Democratic Citizenship

본 연구는 민주시민교육과 협동학습의 이론을 고찰하고 민주시민교육에 유용한 협동학습 모형을 살펴본 후 이를 수업에 적용하여 민주시민성 함양을 위한 효과적인 지도 방안을 탐색하는데 목적이 있다. 민주시민교육 내용 분석의 기준으로 한국교육개발원에서 제시한 인간의 존엄성, 기본질서, 민주 사회에서의 절차, 합리적 의사결정의 네 가지 요소를 토대로 내용 분석을 하였다. 집단탐구 모형(GI: Group Investigation), 협동을 위한 협동학습 모형(Co-op Co-op), 찬반논쟁 협동학습 모형(Pro-con), 함께 학습하기 모형(LT: Learning Together), 구조 중심 협동학습 등이 민주시민교육에 유용하다고 판단하여 이 모형들의 특징과 수업 절차에 대하여 살펴보고, 초등학교 5학년 도덕과의 민주시민교육에 적용시켜 봄으로써 민주시민성 함양을 위한 효과적인 지도 방안을 모색해 보았다.

Modern citizens have a tendency to maintain and succeed their community by acquiring the social ideas and value, and social norms and procedures through the wide scope of socialization. More importantly, they should cultivate the quality of democratic citizens and ability to maintain and promote democratic community. Above all, the recognitive ability to understand the issues faced with our society is the most important of all the abilities and qualities of democratic citizens. Modern citizens should be well informed about social and critical issues and at the same time have the ability to systematically solve these issues. Therefore, systems thinking should be cultivated, based on the open attitude and understanding its organic network. The 7th educational curriculum emphasizes the importance of systems thinking, based on the education of democratic citizenship and good personality. To cultivate wise and responsible students, the contents of democratic citizenship education as well as the teaching methods are important. No matter how good the contents may be, the democratic citizen education cannot achieve desirable products without understanding learners. Additionally, the teaching methods should be applied in the democratic way. Therefore, the importance of cooperative learning cannot be stressed too much. The cooperative learning method helps learners to acquire positive and mutual dependence, face-to-face interaction, individual responsibility and social functions contrary to traditional learning method based on small groups. The reason is that the cooperative learning method is an ideal match for the present education of democratic citizenship concentrating on the value of community. Additionally, the cooperative learning method is one of the most effective alternatives, recommended by many scholars in the view of changing all class groups or school into a democratic and moral community. This study applied the cooperative learning method to teaching activities through analyzing the four elements offered by Korean Educational and Development Institute; the respect of human beings, public morality, democratic process in society, and rational decision making. On the condition that Group Investigation Model, Cooperative Learning Model,. Pros and Corns Learning Model, Learning-Together Model, and Structural and Cooperative Learning Model are useful for the democratic citizenship education, this study probed into these learning models and applied them to the moral education of the 5th grade students of elementary school in order to find out an effective teaching model. The purpose of democratic citizenship education is to cultivate people who have ability of rational judgement, and respect of discussion-agreement and variety. Its purpose is also to pursuit sense of community, active sense of peace, and voluntary participation. These goals can be attained through the cooperative learning method. The cooperative learning method provided learners with various opportunities to participate in class. It also enabled them to have a positive view. In this sense, the cooperative learning method is a comprehensive and systematic teaching method which covers cognitive, emotional and behavioral morality. Furthermore, the cooperative learning method emphasizes interdependence and individual responsibility, providing learners with the opportunities for group evaluation and deep consideration. It also enables learners to create an atmosphere of moral pursuit, mutual cooperation and reliance, contributing to a democratic school culture.