대학생의 진로개발준비요인 간 구조적관계 분석: 다중집단 구조방정식 활용

A structural relationships among career development readiness factors of college students: utilizing multi-group structural equation model

본 연구는 대학생의 진로개발준비요인(자기이해, 직업 및 전공에 대한 지식, 의사 결정효능감, 관계활용효능감, 진로결정확신도, 구직기술) 간 구조관계분석을 통해 효과적인 진로지도 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구를 위해 C시에 소재한 대학의 학생 2,079명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, SPSS 23.0과 Amos 23.0을 이용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 자기이해, 전공 및 직업지식, 관계활용효능감이 진로 확신도에 영향을 주고 진로확신도는 구직기술에 영향을 주는 모형이 적합한 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 학생들이 실제적인 구직활동과 연결될 수 있는 구직기술에 대한 자신감을 갖도록 하기 위해 진로결정확신도가 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 말해준다. 아울러 진로결정확신을 위해 자신에 대한 이해, 전공과 직업세계에 대한 이해를 높이고, 다른 사람과의 관계와 외부 정보를 잘 활용할 수 있도록 지도하는 것에 좀 더 중점을 둘 필요가 있음을 나타내 주고 있다. 성별 집단 별 분석에서는 남녀 모두 진로결정확신도에 미치는 영향력은 전공 및 직업지식>자기이해>관계활용효능감 순으로 나타났으나 성별 조절효과 분석에서 유의미한 차이를 나타냈다. 자기이해와 관계활용효능감은 남학생이 여학생보다, 전공 및 직업지식은 여학생이 남학생보다 진로결정확신도에 더 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나, 진로결정확신도를 높이기 위해 성별 특성에 따라 더 중점을 두어야 하는 요인들에 차이가 있으며 이에 따른 지도가 이루어져야 함을 시사하였다. 학년 집단별 비교에서도 진로결정확신도에 미치는 영향력은 공통적으로 전공 및 직업지식이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 학년의 조절효과 분석에서는 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다.

The purpose of this study was to find some implications for effective career guidance through the analysis of relationships among career development readiness factors. The factors of career development readiness were used from CDRI(Career Development Readiness Inventory) by Lim & Yoon(2005). These factors were self-knowledge, information on occupation and majors, confidence on career decision, efficacy on decision-making, efficacy on networking, employability skills. To examine the relationships among factors, the structural equation modeling was used, and to investigate the differences of relationships between groups by students’ gender and grade, multi-group analysis was conducted. As a results, self-knowledge, information on occupation and major, efficacy on networking were influential factors on confidence on career decision, and confidence on career decision also had an effect on employability skills. Based on these results, it could be considered that confidence on career decision was important factor to have confidence on employability skills which is related with practical job searching activity. To have more confidence on career decision, the career guidance should focus on making the students understand themselves, their majors, related jobs and enabling to utilize their interpersonal relationships or other resources. In multi-group analysis, the most influential factor on confidence on career decision was information on occupation and major, and self-knowledge, efficacy on networking were following. But there was significant in a path coefficienct between male and female students. Self-knowledge and efficacy on networking were more influential factors on confidence on career decision in male group than those of in female group, on the other hand, information on occupation and major was more influential in female group. These results suggested that the priority of career guidance to enhance the confidence on career decision should be different by the gender. A comparison among groups of grade, the information on occupation and major was the most influential factor on the confidence on career decision in all the groups of grades.