落花生의 花柱內受精을 爲한 基礎調査

Preliminary Studies for Stylar-cut-surface Pollination of Peanut Plant

落花生의 受精率을 높이며 簡便한 交配方法을 마련하고저 土壤이 Ca를 施用하는 한편 花柱切斷面受粉을 하였던바 그 結果는 아래와 같았다. (1) 土壤에 施用한 Ca는 落花生의 花粉管伸長 및 受精率, 結莢率, 結實率等은 增進시키는데는 效果가 없었으나 未熟莢重, 完熟莢穀重은 減少시켰고 種實重은 增大시켰다. (2) 第1節位의 꽃 및 8月中旬 以前에 開花되는 꽃의 大部分이 有效結實이 되었다. 따라서 第1節位꽃을 交配材料에 使用하되 交配는 8月中旬 以前에 하는 것이 可하다고 믿어졌다. (3) 交配當日 午前 8時前에 實施한 1/2 Stylar-cut-surface pollination에 依하여 交配種子를 얻을 수 있었다. (4) Stylar-cut-surface pollination은 自然受粉이된 花粉管이 花柱中問部位를 通過하기 前에(午前 8時까지)하였으며, 花柱切斷面에 10% 蔗糖液을 處理한 것이 受精率이 높은 傾向을 나타냈다.

Peanut plants grown on limed sandy soil were experimented with in order to know the liming effects on enhancing fertility and fruiting, and to develop a stylar-cut-surface pollination method. The results obtained are summarized as follows. (1) No effects on fertility and fruiting of peanut were observed when Ca was added to the soil, while it caused a decrease in the ratio of mature pods, immature pod weight, and pod-coat weight of mature pod, although the seed weight increased (2) Fifty percent or even more flowers on the first node and those open before the middle of August, set seeds. This indicates that the flowers at the first node might be useful as a crossing tool. Crossing should be made before the middle of August for the completion of seed maturity. (3) The styles were cut at various periods of the day before crossing and no seeds were produced, between 6 PM and 8 PM on the day of crossing while seed-setting was possible when the latters were artificially pollinated on the cut surface of styles. (4) The stylar-cut-surface appeared to be more effective when 10% of sugar solution was put on the cut surface of styles.