地方 蒐集系統 大豆의 蛋白質 및 脂肪含量의 變異 (Ⅰ)

Diversity of Protein and Oil Contents of the Korean Soybean Land Races (Ⅰ)

本 硏究는 그 形質特性이 多樣한 우리나라 在來의 大豆 500餘種을 全國的으로 蒐集하고 그 중 211系統에 對한 蛋白質含量과 172 系統에 對한 脂肪含量을 調査하였으며 高蛋白質 및 高脂肪系統의 固定과 新品種育成의 育種素材를 提示할 目的으로 遂行되었다. 1. 供試된 系統에서 蛋白質含量의 變異範圍는 最低 36.26%로부터 最高 53.72% 이였으며 全國平均은 43.65%이었다. 이는 旣存 命名栽培品種보다 그 平均含量에 있어서나 變異幅에 있어서 컸으며 外來品種에 比해서는 越等히 컸다. 2. 脂肪含量은 最高 21.4%에서 最低 10.9%이었으며 平均 17.4%이었으며 이는 外來品種에 比해 越等히 낮았으며 蛋白質含量과는 負의 相關關係 (-0.22**)가 있었다. 3. 우리나라 在來種은 高蛋白系統 育成을 爲하여 大端히 좋은 育種素材가 될 수 있음이 分明하나 高脂肪系統 育成을 爲한 材料로서는 不適當하며 外國育成品種에 依存함이 좋은 것이다. 高蛋白 및 高脂肪系統의 同時 育咸은 難望하나 보다 廣範한 系統蒐集으로 이들 難關을 克服 할 수 있는 可能性이 完全히 封鎖된 것은 아니고 앞으로 더 깊은 調査의 餘地가 多分히 있는 것이다.

In order to investigate the fundamental informations on protein and oil contents in the soybean land races currently grown by Korean farmers, over 500 land races were collected from the Korean peninsula. From which 211 lines for protein and 172 lines for oil were analyzed and the results are summarized as follows; 1. Protein contents range from 36.26% to 53.72% with the variability coefficient of 5.70%. The average of protein content for the 211 lines is 43.65%. In general, land races possess higher protein content as compare to the named local varieties and introductions. Variances for protein of land races are also greater than those in the named local varieties. 2. Oil contents range between 21.4% and 10.9%, and the average is 17.4 %. This result shows that oil content in the land races is extremely lower than that in the introductions. A negative correlation between oil and protein is found. 3. These results suggest that the land races possessing high protein content may play an important role in an improvement for protein content in soybean breeding whereas those are of no use in an improvement for oil content. Since the great diversity of the land races, there is some possibilities to find high oil lines if an extensive collection is made.