新羅 <鳳坪碑>의 書體

Calligraphy of <Bongpyeong Stone Tablet(鳳坪碑)> of Silla(新羅)

<Bongpyeong Stone tablet> was erected in 524 (11th year of King Beongpheung 法興王), and it was designated as 242nd National Treasure. Kiljiji Mojinsari from the central government wrote and inscribed the text of it. The stone tablet only contains brief text, however, it is possible to glance the cultural history of the age by his way of calligraphy. Moreover, by analyzing calligraphy, we can presume the influence from the neighbor countries and major stream of calligraphy of 6th century Silla as well as the calligraphy style(書風) and handwriting habits(書寫習憤). In the period of North and South Dynasties, the font was in the transitional period shifting from Li-Shu(Official Style) to Kai-Shu(Regular Style). Therefore, the calligraphy style was free and plain because there was no fundamental rules for the writing orders(筆劃) and the constrution of letters(結構). Since the writing orders. the constrution of letters and the work of the entire formation(章法) were not either defined in Silla, the writing orders and the constrution of letters had no shape restriction similar to ancient style. <Bongpyeong Stone tablet> displays Li-Shu as in <King Gwanggaeto Tombstone> as well as the sharp beginning and finishing to express the tip of the writing brush as in <Jeokseong Stone tablet>. These two kinds of Li-Shu were found in the text of <Bongpyeong Stone tablet> in addition to very small number of Kai-shu and Palbun. There were two sorts of constrution of letters in Silla era of the sixth century. In the first half of the sixth century, majority had the shape of perfect square. However, in the latter half of the century, most of the characters resembled diamond shape as in <Jeokseong Stone tablet>. As the characters in <King Gwanggaeto Tombstone> appeared as perfect square, the diamond-shaped characters in <Jeokseong Stone tablet> was slanted to its right due to the emphasis of left parts and weakness of right parts of the characters. In <Bongpyeong Stone tablet>, there were few reverse diamond-shaped characters from <Jeokseong Stone tablet>. however the number was insignificant. Therefore, the constrution of letters of <Bongpyeong Stone tablet> is composed of the perfect square shown in <King Gwanggaeto Tombstone> and the diamond shape from <Jeokseong Stone tablet>. The characteristic of the entire composition of <Bongpyeong Stone tablet> was wide space between the letters and narrow space between the lines like Palbon. <Jeokseong Stone tablet> and <Namhansinseong Fourth Stone tablet> were the examples of Palbun. It is also shown in <Bongpyeong Stone tablet>. In the other word, the text of <Bongpyeong Tombstone> may be declared as Li-Shu of Palbun and it best exemplified Palbun among the epigraphy of sixth century Silla. As a conclusion, by searching the history and culture of the first half of the sixth century through <Bongpyeong Stone tablet>, calligraphy style was unsettled in <Bongpyeong Stone tablet> and it showed Li-Shu that was mixed with Kai-Shu. The text of <Bongpyeong Stone tablet> was also oberserved as Palbun of square Li-Shu.