韓國에 있어서 小麥 半矮性遺傳子의 起湲, 傳播 및 利用에 關한 硏究

Origin, Dissemenation and Utilization of Wheat Semi-dwarf Genes in Korea

Origin, dessemination and utilization of semi-dwarf genes of wheat were studied. Begining of wheat cultivation in Korea was about 3000 years ago and varietal name was given around in 1400 A.D. Original population carrying semi-dwarf genes was found to be Korean native Anzunbaengimil or Nanjangmil which was introduced to Jappan in the period of 1904~1905 and presumably renamed as Daruma. Genetic resemblance of these two populations was discussed. Number of pure-line selections were made from this population and Norin 10 was released in Japan by utilizing this semi-dwarf genes. Korea also released Suweon 92 and Seuseun 27 using same gene sources. Contribution of this semi-dwarf genes to the increase of world wheat production was reviewed. Semi-dwarfing genes of wheat which extended a great contribution for increasing wheat production in the world were investigated on their origin, dissemination, and utilization and the results were summarized as followings. 1. Begining of wheat cultivation in Korea was postulated to be about 3000 years ago considering the history of wheat cultivation of China and Japan. 2. Wheat varietal name was recorded as early as in 1482. However, Nongsajiksul published in 1400 has a brief description about wheat (cultural) methods. Therefore, it is not difficult to presume that varietal name was available to that time. 3. Original population where the semi-dwarf plants were selected were Anzunbaengimil or Nanjangmil which were distributed all where in Korea in the period of 1500~1941. This population had great variation in plant height, presumably a mixture with individuals carrying Rht₁, Rht₂ or Rht₁ Rht₂. 4. Dissemination of Anzunbaengimil to Japan was possiblly made during the period of Imjin Japanese Invasion to Korea, or by the Japanese Agronomists who were dispatched to Korea for investigation of agriculture and land productivity from 1901 to 1905. 5. Anzunbaengimil(Crippled wheat) may be named as Daruma(crippled wheat) after introduction to Japan or renamed as Daruma after pure-line selections were made. Considering such traits as growth habit, glume color, plant, height grain color and plant type it was concluded that Daruma is orginated from Auzunbaengimil population. 6. In Japan, semi-dwarf gene from Daruma population have been utilized extensively and released Norm 10 which became an important world wide breeding material. Seuseun 27 and Suweon 92, the Korean semi-dwarfs, were also improved using same dwarf gene source as Norin 10. 7. Dwarf genes from Daruma population, have contributed for improving several early maturing and high yielding wheat varieties in Korea such as Suweon 85, Chokwang, Suweon 215, 216, 219 and 220. 8. Norin l0/Brfvor 14 was the dwarf gene source for improving Cains and Nugains at Washington State, USA and CIMMYT semi-dwarfs. Coullee, a hard white winter wheat, was improved using Suweon 92, and Seuseun 27 was utilized for improving Tam Wheat and Holley wheats at Texas A&M, USA.