WTO 무역기술장벽에 관한 수출입기업의 리스크 관리방안 연구

A Study on Risk Management of Import-Export on WTO Technical Barriers to Trade

글로벌 저성장구조 확산, 단일경제통합기구의 분열 및 가속화, 자국 경제이익을 최우선시 하는 미국 행정부의 대외정책 변화로 인하여 국제교역환경의 불확실성이 증가하고있다. 이에 따라 자국내 산업보호를 위해 비관세장벽조치가 증가하고 있어 전세계 신보호무역주의 기조가 확산되고 있다 . 이러한 비관세장벽조치 중무역상대국간 상이한기술규정,표준, 적합성평가 등을 적용함으로써 상품교역을 저해하는 요소를 의미하는 무역기술장벽(Technical Barriers to Trade) 조치의 증가는 산업구조상 자본재와 중간재를 수출하는 우리나라 무역환경에 많은 장애요인으로 작용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 급변하는 무역환경에 따라 수출입기업이 무역기술장벽과 관련한 비관세조치 리스크에 효과적으로 대응하고 관리하기 위하여 무역기술장벽 관련 리스크 유형을 살펴보았으며, 이에 대한 수출입기업의 무역기술장벽 리스크 관리방안과 통관과정에서 발생할수있는 리스크 관리방안을 제시하였다.

In a worldwide era of neoconservatism, resulting from the spread of the global low-growth structure and the division and acceleration of a single economic integration agency, non-tariff barrier measures are increasing to protect industries in the host country. Among these non-tariff barrier measures, the barriers to trade in products are being increased by applying different technical provisions, standards, and conformity assessments among large trading nations, mainly owing to an increase in the export of capital goods and intermediate goods to the KOREA. In particular, as the fourth industrial revolution is rapidly progressing owing to changes in global industry trends, the trade barriers with regard to technical regulations, standards, and conformity assessment will be strengthened as a non-tariff barrier to secure and protect its own technologies. Therefore, this paper investigated ways in which import-export businesses can effectively respond to and manage the risks associated with taking measures to technical barriers to trade on the rapidly changing trade environment. As a result, we examined the scope of application of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) agreement currently applied between Korea and the Contracting States and looked at the specific provisions of TBT by the major countries that concluded the Free Trade Agreement (FTA). Measures were proposed to improve risks associated with technical barriers to trade operating under such TBT agreements of the WTO and FTA. Specific measures are also presented to improve the risks of customs clearance difficulties that could arise overseas for exporting businesses with regard to technical barriers to trade . Import businesses presented various ways to improve statutory risks and manage non-tariff risks, especially those concerning barriers to trade in Korea and those related to trade barrier measures in the process of import under the rules of the WTO and FTA.