江陵産 越冬草와 國內栽培 油菜와의 類緣關係 및 油菜 傳來

Relationship between Weoldongcho and cultivated rapeseed and its introduction to Korea

The origin and early culture of rapeseed is obscure due to many interspecific hybrids of Brassica species and extremely difficult in tracing the evolution of the species. The written records of rapeseed in Korea are found in Sallimkyungje written by Hong, Man-Sun (1643 to 1715). In Sallimkyungje, it is called “Wundae” and also was described by Choi, Han-Ki in Nongchunghueyo(1830). A similar record has been reported by Seo, Yoo-Geo in Limwonkyungjeji (1842 to 1845), and he wrote about Yuchae cultivation. Hence, Wundae in Sallimkyungje was cultivated earlier 163 years to 235 years than that of Japan. Gunochae(B. napus) was discovered at Daejeon area, Korea in 1919. Weoldongcho was cultivated for vegetable in ancient times in the eastern sea sides of Korea. Kangreung-Weoldongcho was classified as B. napus by the result of chromosome number observation. However, Samcheock-Weoldongcho and Milyang-sandongchae belong to B. campestris. Gunochae and Kangreung-Weoldogcho were introduced into Korea form China probably before 16th centry. Korean local variety (B. napus) must be introduced into Japan because the Korean variety Chosun-chong was cultivated for the first time in Hukuoka, Japan in 1878.