러시아 표준어의 형성과 발전 과정에서 표준어의 주도적 주체와 표준어의 사회적 기반의 상관성 (I): 19세기 중반 ― 20세기 초 시평어적 차용어를 중심으로

Correlations between the Social Basis and Leading Personalities of Russian Literary Language (I): Focusing on Sociopolitical Loanwords in the Journalistic Style of the Mid-19th Century  Early 20th Century

This paper is focused on the mutual influences of the leading personalities (intellectuals) and the social base of literary language (the so-called “army of featherworkers”) in the process of borrowing a sociopolitical lexicon in the journalistic style of mid-19th century Russia. Among the vocabulary words analyzed in this study, the “ИНТЕЛЛИГЕНЦИЯ” type was overwhelming. This means that the influence of leading personalities of literary language on the social base of literary language is unilateral in the top-down aspect, and its influence is very large and immediate. In this process, the following factors served as the most important elements: ① the leading personalities of literary language formed a group with a clear goal consciousness. ② The social base of this period in Russian literary language was the most homogeneous and enthusiastic. ③ The leading personalities and the social base of literary language were both the highest intellectuals of Russian society at the time. ④ These two groups were in a vertical relationship both socially and culturally. ⑤ Journalistic style sociopolitical loanwords were imported and assimilated into Russian without much difficulty because they were already internationalized in Western Europe.