톨스토이의 초기 대상 상실에 관한 정신분석적 고찰

A Psychoanalytic Study on Tolstoy’s Early Object Loss

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of Tolstoy’s mother death at 23 months on the formation of his early object relations. To accomplish this purpose, this study examined the early object relations in both his biographical records (diaries and Reminiscences) and his novels (Anna Karenina and Kreutzer Sonata), based on Mahler’s separation-individuation theory and Klein’s paranoid-schizoid position and depressive position theory. In both Mahler’s theory and Klein’s theory, 23 months old infants go through the rapprochement crisis and the depressive position respectively. During this period infants need to integrate their love, aggression, and sex for their mother and to set the good internal object in their mind. However it seems that Tolstoy did not integrates his love, aggression, and sex for his mother since he experienced psychological trauma of his mother’s death at that time. The results of this study showed that he reveals the overly idealization of his mother as a purely divine being in his biographical records (diaries and Reminiscences) while he reveals the overly idealization of mother as a nonsexual being and the misogyny of woman as a sexual being in his novels (Anna Karenina and Kreutzer Sonata). These results were discussed and further studies were suggested.