해전 양상 변화에 관한 해양사적 고찰

Maritime Historical Perspective on Changes in Paradigm of Naval Battle

A naval battle is a battle fought using ships or other waterborne vessels. The paradigm of naval battle have been rapidly changing these days due to the volatile security environment and emerging maritime security threats. In addition to the traditional naval battle, nontraditional, nonmilitary, nonlinear naval battle has become a reality. The object of this article is to analyze causes and factors of the changing naval battle in accordance of requirement for change in 21st century. The flow of thesis is to identify major causes and factors to influence naval battle through precedent researches, and revisit and analyze security environment, maritime environment, science-technology and weapon system, and military theory using historical method. Then infer and anticipate future naval battle by introducing the theory of futurist and military reformist. Lastly, summarize the change of dialectics as advantage and disadvantage of modern sea war to include joint and combined operations. What makes paradigm of modern war? War is said a continuation of policy by other means or human systematic violent act in order to gain political purpose . Therefore, war represent social phenomena of human being such as politics, economy, society and culture. Alvin Toffler said that every war represented human civilization as it was . Today we live in information-knowledge based society and war will be done as electromagnetic computer game controlled by standoff unknown person. We have to know future society and civilization prior to future war. How can we predict future naval battle? We can study war and sea war influenced history, and understand modern war and sea war to anticipate future war paradigm. Studying historical battles since ancient time and we can revisit lessons learned to visualize future war and sea war. Many of military scholars expected networked operation environment, multidimensional and nonlinear battlespace as future war paradigm. A way of war in network-centered operational environment would be synchronized and integrated war, and terrorism and war amongst people would be increased. Missiles, electronics, and aircraft will be major factors of naval weapon systems in future war. Personally, I expect future war will be conducted in multidimensional, nonlinear, network centered operation environment, and effects based operation and synchronized and integrated operation will be prevalent. The real task is how to apply joint and combined capability to create and maximize synergy for the desired effects. As the above mentioned logic, the features of future naval battle will be missile dominance, intelligence superiority mattered with electronic warfare, early warning including aerospace and ocean surveillance and reconnaissance capability. Especially operational reconnaissance is critical for standoff battle in ocean, fleet commanders should conduct collect, analyze, distribute, and process theater level intelligence. and provide strategic intelligence via echelon. The future oriented multidimensional disposition should consider dispersion and concentration to increase stealth and survivability. Taking a calculated risk to get decisive result is possible, but a increased protection against saturated missile attack will be required. Navy s major future battlespace will be sea area includes air and land in consideration of jointness. Accordingly, in order to win future sea war, develop joint doctrine through education and training and initiate joint maritime operations by conducting concerned operation at littoral sea. It is said that the only operation exercised and exercised at peace could be won in war. Therefore, well coordinated joint exercises should be conducted regularly in order to win in contingency.