옻나무 漆液 中 옻산성분의 유전변이

Genetic variation in urushiol components of Rhus verniciflua stokes

This study was conducted to evaluate the genetic variation in urushiol components for lacquer quality breeding of lactree (Rhus verniciflua Stokes). The urushiol samples extracted from bark of 2-year-old trees of nine half-sib families of lactree were analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC. Five urushiol components were respectively separated depending on the number of double bonds in the side-chain. The 3-C₁₅ triene content was approximately 70% of the total urushiol composition indicating the major component of urushiol. Variation within and between families for five urushiol components was observed, and the individual basis and family basis heritabilities for the four urushiol components besides 3-C₁₅ triene were estimated as relatively high. It indicates that lacquer quality was under a significant genetic control. For 3-C₁₅ triene, major component of lactree urushiol, individual and family heritability were estimated 0.16 and 0.36, respectively. This result implies that a combinded selection, simultaneously conducting family selection and individual selection within selected families, appears to be effective for lacquer quality breeding. The composition of four urushiol components besides 3-C₁₅ monoene showed plantational variation, and variations in urushiol composition among individual trees within the same plantation were also observed. The 3-C₁₅ triene content in lacquer sap of Kapchun, Woochun and Chungju plantation besides Chilgok plantation was over 80% of the total urushiol composition, and the 3-C₁₅ triene content of mature tree was higher than that of a 2-year-old tree.