百濟池名語 「己ㆍ只」에 대하여

On the Paekche Placename{ki}

By the comprehensive study of the placenames recorded in the Samgugsagi(三國史記), the writer found and concentrated that there were much artificiality in the placename-revision of the king Kyongduk(景德王). Accordingly, in many cases, there are no relationship between old placenames and revised new placenames. see Gim Ju-weon (1980). The writer intended to show that Paekche placename {ki}, which was said to mean castle(城) is one of that case. My conclusions are as follows. (1) ‘Paekche language {ki} is not appropriate term, because placename {ki} appears in Silla territory as many times as in Paekche territory. Thus the writer concluded that {ki} is one of the vocabulary of Han common language (韓系語), which was said in South Korea before Three Kingdom-era(三國時代) (2) Not onlyl「己」 hut also 「只, 支」 represented {ki}. This means that some of the Chinese characters(漢字), which were used in the placename as phonogram, has the sound feature of Archaic Chinese (上古音). Thus it is not the case that 「只ㆍ支」 is the result of the palatalization of 「己」 (3) The argument that {ki} means ‘castle’(城) is one of the hasty generalization. Because among 15 placenames which was revised to ‘castle’ only 3 placenames had {ki}, and on the other hand, among 16 placenames which had as its suffix {ki}, only 3 placenames was revised to ‘castle’. The writer concluded that the revision of {ki} to ‘castle’ was rather a fact of contingency. Because district (郡)-units were tended to revised to ‘castle’. (4) If my conclusions are right, there is no ground of comparison between Packche placename {ki} and old Japanese {ki}. Because there is no similarity of meaning. Likewise the so-called correspondence between {ki} and Koguryo language {kulu(溝漊)} or {hol(忽)} is much problematical, on the one hand with respect to the meaning, on the other hand with respect to the sound. (because phonetic environment of vocalization of [1] (i.e. [I]>[λ]>[j]) is not given.) (5) The writer could not find the meaning of {ki}, by means of investigating Paekche and Silla placenames, by means of investigating present placenames which have the same {ki} ending, and by means of comparative method. So, for the present, the writer concluded that the meaning of old placename {ki} is fossilised long before.