소비에트 중앙아시아 고려인 소설 연구

A Study on the Soviet Korean Novels of Central Asia

This study investigates the Soviet Korean novels of Cεntr따 Asia. Since the forced deportation of Koreans residing in the Soviet Far East to Central Asia in 1937 unril rhε collapse of rhe Sovier Union, 106 Sovier Korean wrirers of Central Asia have published 310 short stories and novels. The themes in the Sovier Korean novels of Central Asia vary with rhe social background and the situation of literary world of each period. However, we can enumerate sεvεral representatíve themes such as 상iendship betwεen natíonals, struggle for indεpendence against ]apan, establishment of Soviet regime, devotion to the Paπy， construction of Soviet society, humanism and love, complaint against social abs urdi tiεs， image of man of sincεrity， rehabilitation of national identity. We can sUl1unarize the characteristics of the Soviet Korean novels of Central Asia in two points. Firstly, the works were creatεd according to the guidelines of Soviet socialist realism. All works were obliged to pass thε censorship if they satisfìed the literarγ aspccts advocated by thε Communist Party. Therefore, any national identity or national sentiment could not be described in the literary works. Seconclly‘ the language used io the creatioo of oovels was so-called koryo mal (Soviet Korean) based on the Hamgyong dialect with certain inf1uence of Russian. This is important material for the srudy 00 koryo mal which is actually preserved as a spoken language in Central Asia. Thanks to thε Pεrestroil‘a (rεform) and thε Glasnost (opening) policies framed in the second half of 1980s, Soviet Koreans in Central Asia have experienced a drastic change in their life. Literarily, the censorship of the Soviεt authorities was loosen somewhat. 10 consequence, Soviet Korean writers could express to a certain degree their national identity and national sentiment in thεir creation. Howεver ， most Soviet Korεan writers who could create in their national language have already passed away or have stopped their activities. Thus, it was non-mainstrεam Soviet Koreans who havε replaced thε posltlon such as North Koreans who did seek their refuge in the Soviet Union or Koreans of Sakhalin who became thc Soviet cÎtizen after the 2nd World War. Works created by these non-mainstreamers were published in the Lenin kichi and the Koryo ilbo. Comparing to the works of Soviet Korean writers, works of non-mainstreamers, who have no experience of the life in the Soviet Far East, showed certain distance in its contents, method of expression and selection of vocabulary. Moreovεr， the nwnber of works creatεd was insignificant. This was a signal which announces the end of Soviet Korεan literature of Central Asia. The active exchange betwεen South Korea and Soviet Union since the 24th Olympic g어nes held in Seoul and sudden collapse of Soviet Union have made disappear the pea:괴iarities of traditional Soviet Korean society of Central Asia.