유전과 체력요소의 상관성에 관한 메타분석

Analysis of Literature about Relationship of Genetics and Fitness Factors

Estimates of the genetic contribution to individual differences in a variety of strength and motor task are derived largely from younger subject and from twins. Many studies are limited to males, while others combine the sexes. The presently available data suggest a genetic effect, but of limited and unequal quantitative value. Hence, generalizations on the genetics of strength and motor performance are limited. On the other hand, flexibility measures show a somewhat greater familial similarity. Gene sharing seems to be associated with covariation between biological relatives in submaximal and maximal aerobic performances. However, cohabitation is also related to these performances, as evident in data for foster parents and adopted children and spouses. The claims of earlier studies based on small samples of twins are unrealistically high compared to more comprehensively analyzed twin and familial data, which suggest heritabilities of PWC₁₅₀/Kg of about 10% and of VO2max/Kg in the range of 25% to 40%. In contrast, estimated heritability for total power output in 90minutes per unit body weight is about 50% and perhaps more. Results of path analyses suggest that variation observed in several performance phenotypes is mainly associated with nontransmissible environmental factors and that the contrebution of the genotype is at best aerobic training are also consistent with the view that the genotype modulates, in part, the response to specific practice and training programs. Finally, the search for genetic markers of performance and of responsiveness to training has begun. progress has been slow initially primarily because of the need to establish the complex database to address the issues. A variety of approaches and technologies are now being used to identify these polymorphic markers and genes.