국내 커뮤니티가든의 방향성 설정에 관한 연구

A Study on the Desirable Direction for Korean Community Gardens - Using Case Studies in Japan and Questionnaire Survey of Korean Experts -

This study aims to explore the concept and desirable direction for Korean community gardens through case studies in Japan, textual semantic network analysis, field investigations, and expert questionnaire survey. Most of the conceptual definitions on community gardens in previous papers are based on the North American definition, resulting in the general perception that community gardens are part of urban agriculture. However, from the terminology alone, community gardens are clearly different from urban agriculture. According to our semantic network analysis, the key words for urban agriculture are cultivation of farm produce and economic effects, whereas the key words for community gardens are residents, exchanges, and community formation. These key words are quite different from each other, suggesting that a clear definition of the two concepts should be made. This paper attempts to define the concept of Korean community garden and classification of the Korean community garden types from two perspectives—from a broad perspective and from a narrow perspective. The concept of the community garden from a broad perspective generally defines it as a vegetable gardening in North America. Whereas the concept of Korean community gardens when taken from a narrow perspective centers on horticulture. Taken from the broad perspective, Korean community gardens may be differentiated into four types: the neighborhood type, the unused land utilization type, the housing complex type, and the foothold connection type. Taken from the narrow perspective, the community garden is centered on horticulture and has been named the ‘Nuri garden’. According to its geographical conditions and the users’ characteristics, the Nuri garden can be sub-divided into the Nuri Participation garden, the Nuri Sharing garden, the Nuri Sympathy garden, and the Nuri Loan garden. These four Nuri garden types can be positioned in relation to the two intersecting axes, the value-centered axis and the substantiality-centered axis. In addition, according to the results of the experts’ survey, joint cultivation types located within residential areas, within walking distance, and with open designs were those most preferred as a Korean community garden.