민간건설공사 지급보증제도 개선 방안

2013년 8월 건설기업이 발주자에게 계약이행을 보증하는 경우, 건설기업도 발주자에게 공사 대금의 지급보증 또는 담보를 요구할 수 있도록 「건설산업기본법」에 공사대금지급보증제도가 도입됨. - 그러나, 지급보증제도 도입에도 불구하고, 임의 조항으로 되어 실효성이 없음. 또한 발주자가 위반하여도 처벌 규정이 없어 무의미함. - 실제 민간 건설공사 현장에서 계약이행보증을 지급하였음에도 불구하고, 발주자가 비용 절감 등의 다양한 사유를 들어 공사대금 지급보증을 기피함. - 민간 건설공사에서 건설기업이 정상적으로 공사 대금을 받을 수 있는 방안에는 한계가 존재함. 안전장치인 유치권이 있으나, 발주자가 금융 차입 등을 위해 계약시 유치권 포기 각서를 종용함에 따라 실질적으로 유치권도 의미 없는 상황임. - 이로 인해 민간 건설공사에 있어 발주자의 불공정한 대금 미지급에 따른 피해로부터 보호할 수 있는 장치는 전무한 상황임. - 따라서 민간 건설공사에 있어 지급보증제도의 실효성 제고를 위한 공사대금 지급보증제도에 대한 개선 방안의 마련이 시급함.

This research aims to derive measures to improve the system by analyzing the current status of the payment guarantee system in the domestic private construction industry. This study consisted of reviewing the actual condition of the private construction project payment guarantee system, actual construction business transaction practices, and payment status, and reviewing the case of the overseas private construction project s price protection. In August 2013, the payment guarantee system was introduced for the private construction company, but damages are still sustained in the private construction industry due to the unpaid construction costs. The data from the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board and Seoul Guarantee Insurance show that the payment guarantee system for the private construction project is not effective. The survey was conducted to determine the transaction practices and payment status of the Private Construction Corporation. When asked if they had any experience receiving construction fees from a commercial construction company, about 30 percent said they had not received it. It was found that more than 70 percent of the recipients paid the contract fulfillment guarantee to the client. That is, although the guarantee for performance is provided, no collateral or payment guarantees are provided. On the other hand, France, Switzerland, and Germany protect their construction bond more strongly than Korea because they have a “construction lien”. In addition, the UK, Australia and Singapore require that the adjustment process be made by the third person. FIDIC International Standard Contracts and the U.S. Construction Association standard contract terms specify that the owner requests confirmation of the financial capabilities suitable for the payment obligation. As a result, this research has suggested three major measures to improve the payment bond system for private construction projects. The first is the conservativeness of the payment guarantee. The second is the expanded supply of the construction industry s sales bond insurance. The third is the introduction of the construction priority privilege system in the mid - to long-term, as shown abroad.