지속불가능한 휴먼, 번성가능한 포스트휴먼:마가렛 애트우드의 『오릭스와 크레이크』

Unsustainable Human, Thrivable Posthuman:Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake

This paper analyzes the catastrophe of the ‘unsustainable human’ imagined by Margaret Atwood in Oryx and Crake, and proposes a thrivable new life form suitable for the posthuman era beyond neoliberal humanism, nihilism, and techno-utopia. In this regard, Bruno Latour’s ‘Actor-Network Theory’(ANT) and Gilbert Simondon’s ‘Transindividual Human-Machine Ensemble’ provide a useful framework for analysis. Analysis reveals that the total crisis of the near future portrayed in this work is due to 1)the relationship between human and nonhuman that are not appropriately controlled for technological development, 2)the mechanism of human control and detachment of nonhuman, 3)the succession of previous relations, and 4)the absence of new relations that have not yet been established. Therefore it is necessary to reflect the previous human-nonhuman network and to study and invent a new human-nonhuman network adapted to technological development. Inspite of the terrible apocalyptic factor, this work warns against a harmful ‘human-nonhuman network’ and suggests the transindividual ‘human-nonhuman ensemble.’ This novel also shows that the ontological phase of human can transit from the ‘unsustainable human’ that dominated nature to the ‘thrivable posthuman.’