송초 교육개혁과 胡瑗의 교육사상

Education Revolution and Educational Thought of Hú Yuàn in the Early stage of Song Dynasty

There were two persons in the background of the formation of Song Dynasy Academics. The one was a politics-reformist, Fan Zhong Yan(范仲淹) who was based on a confucian thought like RenYi(仁義) and Xia?oTiZho?ngXin(孝悌忠信) in RenZong(仁宗) period. The other one was an educational-practitioner, Hu?Yua?n(胡瑗). FanZhongYan rebelled against a conservative faction, taking a leading role in the reformation of all affairs of state, setting forth practical science and the fidelity to one s principle. In addition to that, he also set a ground-base in educational environment which could cultivate many able men, training many government officials, establishing many schools in each region, inviting many competent teachers. HuYuan as an educational-practitioner & reformer became the first person of Song Dynasty Academic development. He was a roll-model first, cultivating himself morally or religiously and produced around 1,700 disciples through putting MingT?Da?Yo?ng(明體達用) into practice. The main point of HuYuan thought was Heaven & Man and they were combined into one thing. We can see the thought of Hu Yuan referring to ZhouYiKouYi(周易口義), which was arranged by his disciples. Though Heaven & Earth, the cosmic dual forces and all creatures didn t make human beings directly, the Emperor in high position changed human beings by instructing them with benevolence and righteousness on behalf of a natural law and all creatures. We should enlighten them and change them into coming to a Good-Will tendency, Sha?nXing(善性) . The disciples who had received a professional educational training showed excellent capacities in many areas, and had lots of influence on communities and the academic system in the Chinese confucianism etc. Two persons, FanZhongYan and Hu?Yua?n got together and bloomed the flowers of Academics in Song Dynasty, leading academic traditions of early Song Dynasty and producing many talented people who could lead the society.