곡류작물의 수확전후에 발생하는 유해 저장 곰팡이와 균독소에 대한 제어 전략

Control Strategies for Deleterious Grain Fungi and Mycotoxin Production from Preharvest to Postharvest Stages of Cereal Crops: A Review

Abstract Consumption of cereals contaminated with mycotoxigenic fungi is a very serious issue threatening human and animal health. Therefore, the management of the occurrence of such fungi and control of mycotoxin level in cereals are current issues of great significance. These fungi may contaminate the grains and produce mycotoxins in cereal crops during preharvest or at postharvest periods, depending on the prevailing environmental conditions. Thus, efficient mycotoxin control strategies should consider all the factors that contribute to the accumulation of mycotoxins at different stages of the crops and adopt the most suitable control measures in an integrated control strategy. Several control measures have been proposed for the management of grain fungi and mycotoxins in the field during preharvest and at postharvest periods. Such methods include the selection of varieties resistant to the mycotoxigenic fungi, adhering to the proper cultural practices in the field, avoiding kernel damage during the harvesting process, and following the recommended postharvest practices to minimize the presence of mycotoxins in the grains. In the present review, the methods proposed for controlling mycotoxins are discussed, including the use of chemical methods, which are being replaced by other promising environment-friendly methods, such as the use of plant extracts and biocontrol microbial agents. In addition, the various antagonistic microbes as potential biocontrol agents against mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins from previous studies are discussed. Finally, recommendations for future studies are provided, highlighting the importance of the integration of different control practices to minimize mycotoxins in grains and to reduce the use of synthetic chemicals.