청말 중국 근대 ‘民族’ 개념 담론 연구

A Study on Discourses which besieged the Concept of Chinese Modern Nation in late Qing -Focusing on the Concept of Cultural Ethnic and Political Nation -

This essay focused on various discourses related to the conception of Nation in late Qing of China through synthetic examination on the concept of cultural ethnic and political nation , or relationship of state. The late Qing era of China considered on the research was traditional World-system of China collapsing from the impact of Western civilization and the period that nation-state concept of modern switched was needed. And the conceptions of meeting the trend of the day swiftly flew from Western civilization, however, as the late Qing s intellectuals used together with and in conjunction with the terms and definitions, such as race, people, nation, ethnic, state, rights, and sovereignty, had even not current researchers as well as Chinese at that time convey the definite meaning of the new terms. In order to solve these problems, This essay uses the conceptual analytical frame which is called a concept of cultural ethnic and political nation , then tried to approach about accommodating process of the concept of cultural ethnic political nation , and the late Qing intellectuals s recognition on nation and people , and late Qing Chinese s various discourses which besieged the cultural ethnic with the perspective of a conceptional history. As result of this research, even though the concept of Clan class(族類) frequently mentioned in traditional period of China is familiar with the concept of cultural ethnic, after modern period, I could find that the concept like nation-state including cultural ethnic and political nation did not exist at that time. In addition, I confirmed that Chinese from time to time used mixed terms on ethnic and people or ethnic of cultural ethnic was used by people of clan and ethnic in accommodating process of the concept. But they distinguished cultural ethnic from political nation and introduced them as well. Furthermore, Chinese intellectuals defined as different the concept of cultural ethnic and political nation after 1903 and the late Qing intellectuals on the concept of cultural ethnic presented the cultural factors; ancestry, pedigree, language, religion, custom, practice, and history. On contrary they on the concept of political nation mentioned the concepts like territory, sovereignty, state, and right . Finally, I focused on revolutional group and reformative group during the period of XINHAI(辛亥) Revolution and analyzed the perspective of both groups on modern nation, state, and people.